Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) Reagents
―for detecting low abundance nucleic acids and proteins with high sensitivity―

Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) is a technique that enables the detection of low abundance proteins and nucleic acids that are difficult to detect. The mechanism of tyramide signal amplification is that, the inactive tyramides are converted to reactive tyramide radicals by redox enzymes such as HRP, which binds to proximity tyrosine residues and amplify the signal. Tyramide signal amplification is primarily used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorecesence in situ hybridization (FISH). Recently, it has been applied not only to imaging, but also to highly sensitive detection of peptides with ELISA,¹⁾ colorimetric detection of bacteria using nanoparticles,²⁾ and automatic ultrasensitive lateral flow immunoassay.

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References

1. 1) Development of a highly sensitive immunohistochemical method to detect neurochemical molecules in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsied human brains
   • S. Goto, R. Morigaki, S. Okita, S. Nagahiro, R. Kaji, Front. Neuroanat. 2015, 9, 22.
2. 2) Magnetic Nanoagent Coated with an Activated Macrophage Membrane for Colorimetric Detection of Bacteria
   • Y. Zeng, D. Xu, Z. Mu, C. Li, C. Ji, X. Jia, G. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 22865.
3. 3) Automatic ultrasensitive lateral flow immunoassay based on a color-enhanced signal amplification strategy
   • H. Jie, X. Cao, Q. Liu, et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 2024, 256, 116262.

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