Cross-coupling reactions using late transition metal catalysts represented by nickel and palladium metals have been widely used for introducing various functional groups into unsaturated substances such as aromatic rings, alkenes, alkynes and so on. In these reactions, carbon-carbon bond forming reactions can be performed by the combination of electrophilic carbon species of aryl/vinyl halides and organometallic agents of Grignard reagents and organoboron compounds. Also, the use of nucleophilic hetero atoms such as phenols and amines is efficient to form carbon-hetero atom bonds. By the development of these synthetic methods, substitution reactions to sp² carbon and sp carbon are easily accomplished while it had been difficult to perform these transformations by classical synthetic reactions without using metal catalysts.