Hayashi
et al. have reported the arylation via C-H activation using an organocatalyst. According to their results, sodium
tert-butoxide mediates the coupling of aryl halides with benzene derivatives without the aid of transition metal catalysts but with a catalytic 1,10-phenanthroline derivative,
bathophenanthroline. This method has attracted much attention as one of the efficient synthetic methods of biaryl compounds.