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Published TCIMAIL newest issue No.201

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Published TCIMAIL newest issue No.201

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Bacterial Spore (Endospore) Research

Bacterial Spore Germination Research Reagents

Bacterial spores are more resistant to antibiotics and nutritional deficiencies than their vegetative cells and sometimes cause serious problems from the viewpoint of hygiene in clinical treatment and food processing.¹⁾ Spore persistence also plays a major role in the recurrence of infections after antibiotic treatment.

Molecules that stimulate germination are termed "germinants" and have been evaluated the efficacy of germinant administration combined with antibiotics.^2,3) Cogerminants are compounds that do not have germination-stimulating activity in themselves but stimulate germination when combined with other compounds.

Figure. An example of the life cycle of spore-forming bacteria (modified from the figure in Reference 4)

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References

1) Germinants and Their Receptors in Clostridia
- D. Bhattacharjee, K. N. McAllister, J. A. Sorg, J. Bacteriol. 2016, 198, 2767.
2) Omadacycline compared to vancomycin when combined with germinants to disrupt the life cycle of Clostridioides difficile
- N. Budi, J. J. Godfrey, N. Safdar, S.K. Shukla, W.E. Rose, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2021, 65, e01431-20.
3) Efficacy of Omadacycline or Vancomycin Combined With Germinants for Preventing Clostridioides difficile Relapse in a Murine Model
- N. D. Budi, J.J. Godfrey, N. Safdar, S. K. Shukla, W. E. Rose, J. Infect. Dis. 2023, 227, 622.
4) Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens
- A. Shen, A.N. Edwards, M. R. Sarker, D. Paredes-Sabja, Microbiol. Spectr. 2019, 7, gpp3-0017-2018.

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Germinants and Cogerminants

The compounds listed below have been reported to possess germinant or cogerminant activity.

Products: References
L-Alanine (Product No. A0179): PLoS Pathog. 2014, 10, e1004382.
J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 274.
Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 53, 92.
J. Bacteriol. 2010, 192, 418.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1974, 80, 253.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1964, 37, 41.
L-(+)-Arginine (Product No. A0526): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 274.
L-Asparagine Monohydrate (Product No. A0542)
L-Asparagine Anhydrous (Product No. A3353): Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75, 3813.
J. Bacteriol. 1968, 95, 433.
Corticosterone (Product No. C0388)
Cortisone (Product No. C1317)
21-Hydroxyprogesterone (Product No. D6119)
Progesterone (Product No. P0478)
Prednisolone (Product No. P0637)
Pregnenolone (Product No. P0786)
Prednisone (Product No. P1276): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 2776.
L-Histidine (Product No. H0149): J. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 110, 987.
L-Lactic Acid (Product No. L0165): PLoS Pathog. 2014, 10, e1004382.
Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 53, 92.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1972, 70, 253.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1967, 46, 285.
Mifepristone (Product No. M1732): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 2776.
Nicotinamide (Product No. N0078): J. Gen. Microbiol. 1972, 70, 253.
L-Norvaline (Product No. N0686): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 274.
Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 53, 92.
L-Phenylalanine (Product No. P0134): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 274.
J. Bacteriol. 2010, 192, 418.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1974, 80, 253.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1967, 46, 285.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 1964, 37, 41.
L-Serine (Product No. S0035)
L-(-)-Threonine (Product No. T0230)
L-Valine (Product No. V0014): Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 53, 92.

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Germination Inhibitors

The compounds listed below have been reported to inhibit bacterial germination.

Products: References
D-Alanine (Product No. A0177)
D-Cysteine (Product No. C1916)
D-Methionine (Product No. M0102)
D-Phenylalanine (Product No. P0135)
D-Serine (Product No. S0033): PLoS Pathog. 2014, 10, e1004382.
Corticosterone (Product No. C0388)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (Product No. D0044)
21-Hydroxyprogesterone (Product No. D6119)
Mifepristone (Product No. M1732)
Progesterone (Product No. P0478)
Prednisone (Product No. P1276): J. Bacteriol. 2011, 193, 2776.
Lithocholic Acid (Product No. L0089)
Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Product No. U0030): J. Bactriol. 2010, 192, 4983.

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