Ampicillin Trihydrate

Reference

• Susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to six antibiotics decreases as biofilm matures
  • N. Takahashi, K. Ishihara, T. Kato, K. Okuda, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2007, 59, 59.


Application
Ampicillin: The First of Broad Spectrum Penicillins
Ampicillin, a penicillin-like antibiotic, is enzymatic synthesized from 6-APA [A0800] catalyzed by penicillin acylase. Ampicillin is the first of a number of so-called broad spectrum penicillins. That amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, ampicillin has activity against not only Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococci and Streptococci but also Gram-negative bacteria such as H. influenzae, coliforms and Proteus species. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. Its spectrum of activity is enhanced by co-administration of sulbactam [S0868], a drug that inhibits beta lactamase an enzyme produced by bacteria to inactivate ampicillin. Ampicillin is used in molecular biology as a selective reagent most commonly to isolate bacteria coupled to a gene coding for ampicillin resistance, which is one of the most frequently used selection markers for obtaining transgenic cells.

References

• Ampicillin [D-6-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid] (a review)
  • E. Ivashkiv, Anal. Profiles Drug Subst. 1973, 2, 1.
• Sulbactam/ampicillin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use
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• Ampicillin-sulbactam: an update on the use of parenteral and oral forms in bacterial infections
  • A. P. Betrosian, E. E. Douzinas, Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2009, 5, 1099.
• Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicle. II. A multipurpose cloning system
  • F. Bolivar, R. L. Rodriguez, P. J. Greene, M. C. Betlach, H. L. Heyneker, H. W. Boyer, J. H. Crosa, S. Falkow, Gene 1977, 2, 95.


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