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Useful DMAP Analogs
No.148(August 2012)
9-Azajulolidine (1) is a strong acylation catalyst, which displays remarkably enhanced catalytic activity toward the acylation of sterically hindered alcohols compared to 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and other analogs.1)
Because of its high electron-rich character, 1 is also useful as an effective auxiliary ligand for promoting post-Ullmann coupling reactions leading to the construction of C(aryl)-heteroatom bonds.2) It can be applied to the synthesis of triarylamines, which are important hole-transporting materials in many organic optoelectronic devices.
Because of its high electron-rich character, 1 is also useful as an effective auxiliary ligand for promoting post-Ullmann coupling reactions leading to the construction of C(aryl)-heteroatom bonds.2) It can be applied to the synthesis of triarylamines, which are important hole-transporting materials in many organic optoelectronic devices.


Typical Procedure: C–N bond formation
CuI (9.5 mg, 0.05 mmol), base (2.0 mmol), aryl iodide (1.0 mmol) and aryl amine (1.2 mmol) are added to a two-neck flask equipped with a septum. The flask is evacuated and back-filled with argon. Then toluene (4 mL) and 9-azajulolidine (1.0 mL, 0.1 mmol, 0.1 M in toluene) are added by a syringe at room temperature. The reaction mixture is heated at 110 °C for 40 h. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature, water (20 mL) is added, and the mixture is extracted with CH2Cl2 (15 mL × 3). The combined organic solution is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to yield the crude product, which is purified by chromatography on silica gel.
CuI (9.5 mg, 0.05 mmol), base (2.0 mmol), aryl iodide (1.0 mmol) and aryl amine (1.2 mmol) are added to a two-neck flask equipped with a septum. The flask is evacuated and back-filled with argon. Then toluene (4 mL) and 9-azajulolidine (1.0 mL, 0.1 mmol, 0.1 M in toluene) are added by a syringe at room temperature. The reaction mixture is heated at 110 °C for 40 h. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature, water (20 mL) is added, and the mixture is extracted with CH2Cl2 (15 mL × 3). The combined organic solution is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to yield the crude product, which is purified by chromatography on silica gel.
References
- 1)Enhancing the catalytic activity of 4-(dialkylamino)pyridines by conformational fixation
- 2)Application of 9-azajulolidine to post-Ullmann reactions
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