Genetic information is stored in DNA as combinatorial codes held in nucleosides and nucleotides, in which form it is passed from parents to their offspring. Analogs of nucleosides and nucleotides are used clinically as medicinal agents such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Therefore, the preparation and development of these species as effective, selective and nontoxic antiviral and antitumor agents has been the subject of intense research.1)
In addition to this, the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methodology has brought a dramatic change and rapid development in studies of DNA. At the current time the draft version in decoding and mapping human genome has been almost completed, and the functional analyses of genome and analyses of “Single Nucleotide Polymorphism” (SNP) are being vigorously pursued. Discovery of the RNAi process has facilitated the fast progression of studies of RNA. At the same time, chemically synthesized oligoDNA and oligoRNA have been studied as potential antisense DNAs, siRNAs and DNA aptamers; as oligonucleotide therapeutic agents, primers for PCR method, and elements of DNA computers.
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Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides
References
- 1) (a) H. Vorbru"ggen, C. Ruh-Pohlenz, in Handbook of Nucleoside Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2001.
- (b) H. Vorbru"ggen, C. Ruh-Pohlenz, in Organic Reactions, ed. by L. A. Paquette et al., John Wiley & Sons, 2000, Vol. 55.
- (c) D. M. Huryn, M. Okabe, Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 1745.
- (d) E. Ichikawa, K. Kato, Curr. Med. Chem. 2001, 8, 385.
Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids and Related ReagentsEasy-to-Handle and Safe Phosphitylation Reagent for Syntheses of DNA and RNA Fragments2'-Modified RibonucleosidesPhosphorylating Reagents for the Synthesis of Nucleotide 5'-O-TriphosphatesNucleic Acid Medicine Synthesis Research ReagentsSulfur-Transfer Reagents for Synthesis of Oligonucleotide PhosphorothioatesUseful Condensation Activator Bearing Less Nucleophilicity and No DeliquescenceNucleoside Analogs for Synthetic mRNA: PseudouridinesNucleoside Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide SynthesisOligonucleotide Synthesis ReagentsModified RNA Nucleotide: N1-Methylpseudouridine 5'-TriphosphateBase-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates for the Development of mRNA MedicinesBase Modified Nucleosides and Nucleotides for Epigenetic Research