Nickel catalysts are routinely used for cross-coupling reactions as well as palladium catalysts. In 1972, Kumada and Tamao had reported that nickel catalysts promoted cross-coupling reactions of Grignard reagents with aryl halides or vinyl halides with the proposal their catalytic cycle. The result of this research has contributed to further development of cross coupling reactions.1)
Nickel catalysts are generally inexpensive and show high activities even when using low reactive substrates in cross-coupling reactions. For example, in the presence of butyl lithium, zinc metal or phosphines as a co-reductant, NiCl2(dppf) catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides/mesylates with aryl borates successfully proceeding to afford the desired biaryls in good yields.2) Recently, it has been reported that N-heterocyclic carbene (= NHC)–nickel complexes show high catalytic activity in cross-coupling reactions.
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